膀胱过动症

定义

尿失禁 is a loss of bladder control that results in 尿漏.

There are three main types:

• Stress urinary incontinence—Urine (pee) leaks when pressure is put on the belly, such as when laughing, sneezing, or lifting heavy things (most common type)
• Urgency (urge) urinary incontinence—Urine leaks during or after a strong urge to 通过尿液
• Mixed urinary incontinence—A combination of the above types

原因

Stress incontinence may be caused by:

• Poor pelvic floor muscle function
• Damage to the tissue that supports the bladder and urethra (the tube that carries 尿液 out of the bladder)
• Problems with the muscle that controls 尿液 flow

The cause of urge incontinence is not clear. It is likely due to many factors, including 老化过程.

Muscles Involved in Incontinence in Women

Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

风险因素

尿失禁 is more common in women 45 years of age or 老. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• 分娩
• 肥胖
• 糖尿病
• A family history of urinary incontinence
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Taking certain medicines, such as diuretics and antidepressants

症状

The main symptom is not being able to control the flow of 尿液.

诊断

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. 一个物理 检查就完成了. This is usually enough to make the diagnosis. 还可以做其他检查 寻找原因. 尿液可能会被检测.

治疗

Any underlying causes will need to be treated. 的目标 treatment will be to help control the 尿流量. 选项有:

生活方式的改变

Lifestyle changes that may help to control the 尿流量 包括:

• Behavioral therapy and pelvic floor muscle exercises, such as 凯格尔运动
• Limiting caffeine intake
• Reaching or maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise
• Using pads to collect 尿液 when it passes

医学

Any medicine that is causing urinary incontinence will be 停止或改变.

医学 may also be given to help control the 尿流量. 一些选项是:

• 医学s to relax bladder muscles, such as anticholinergics and beta-3 肾上腺素能受体激动剂
• Antidepressants, such as duloxetine
• Estrogen—low levels can weaken bladder muscles

程序

People who are not helped by these methods may need procedures 或手术. 选项有:

• Injections of bulking agents into the urethra to help stop leaks
• 肉毒杆菌毒素 (肉毒杆菌)注射 help relax the muscles of the bladder
• Implanting devices to stimulate the nerves of the bladder to help control the 尿流量
• Placing strips of material or sutures to ease pressure on the urethra, such as 与一个 尿道 悬架

预防

The risk of urinary incontinence may be lowered by doing exercises to strengthen pelvic floor muscles.

参考文献

• Bladder control problems in women (urinary incontinence). National Institute of 糖尿病 and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. 可以在: http://www.的趋势.国家卫生研究院.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/bladder-control-problems-women. Accessed December 19, 2020.
• Overactive bladder (OAB). 泌尿外科 Care Foundation website. 可以在: http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/overactive-bladder-(oab)?= 112条. Accessed December 19, 2020.
• Sobhgol SS, Charandabee SM. 冲动的相关因素, 压力, mixed urinary incontinence, and overactive bladder in reproductive age women in Tabriz, Iran: a cross-sectional study. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dys Function. 2008;19(3):367-373.
• 尿失禁. 泌尿外科 Care Foundation website. 可以在: http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/urinary-incontinence. Accessed December 19, 2020.
• 尿失禁. Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians. 可以在: http://familydoctor.org/condition/urinary-incontinence. Accessed December 19, 2020.
• 尿失禁 in women. EBSCO DynaMed网站. 可以在: http://www.力学.com/topics/dmp~AN~T900573/Urinary-incontinence-in-women. Accessed December 19, 2020.
• Wein AJ, Rackley RR. Overactive bladder: a better understanding of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. J Urol. 2006;175(3 pt 2):S5-S10.
• 4/25/2018 DynaMed Plus Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.力学.com/topics/dmp~AN~T900573/Urinary-incontinence-in-women#anc-178706624 : Wood LN, Markowitz MA, et al. Is it safe to reduce water intake in the overactive bladder population?:系统回顾. J Urol. 2018年2月27日. pii: S0022-5347(18)42401-42409.